![]() Along with more than four million births in the United States annually, 10 to 20 percent of pregnancies end in miscarriage or stillbirth before delivery, and another 10 percent of couples who want to conceive a child experience infertility or reduced fertility. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of compounds, some of which are known to have toxic effects on reproductive health, such as carbon monoxide ( CO), nicotine, and metals. ![]() ![]() Health professionals have long considered exposure to tobacco smoke harmful to reproduction, affecting aspects from fertility and pregnancy outcome to fetal and child development.
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